Sprains and Strains 1
Sprains and strains are common occurrences in the life of an athlete. They can put a damper on your training schedule and usually require rest to resolve. Sprains are injuries to the ligaments that surround a joint and usually occur when a joint is forced to move further than it is designed. They are characterized by a sharp burning pain that increases with movement of that joint. Often swelling and sometimes bruising will follow.
There is a varying degree to sprains ranging from first degree to third degree. First and second degree sprains can be very painful. When you partially tear a ligament the nerves of that ligament are still intact. Any additional stretching or force on that ligament will cause irritation to that nerve resulting in a burning pain. A third degree sprain is a complete separation of the ligament and possibly a dislocation of the joint. Third degree sprains are usually associated with a loud popping noise.
Some examples: If you suffer a first-degree sprain to an ankle you will feel a moderate amount of pain, but probably will still be able to walk. If you suffer a second degree sprain you tore more of the ligament and will most likely feel excruciating pain that will be knee buckling, therefore needing assistance. Third degree sprains without dislocation usually don't hurt as bad because when you rupture the ligament you rupture the nerve also. In this case the pain would be less but something would definitely feel wrong in the joint itself because you no longer have any structural support. In this case assistance is mandatory.
Sprains to the outside of the ankle are the most common, but each discipline has sprains that are common to that sport. For example mountain bikers commonly sprain the acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder. Motocrossers and snow skiers commonly sprain the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Water skiers commonly sprain their necks. Sprains to the neck, back or knees should be classified as very important. These should be cared for properly because they have the highest propensity for long-term problems.
If you suspect a sprain you should get it examined by a doctor specializing in physical medicine. Casting, bracing or taping of the joint might be necessary to assure proper healing. Sprains will have an effect on your biomechanics so getting that joint properly adjusted is also important.
Immobilization and ice packs are the best immediate care when you suspect a sprain. Treating the inflammation is the simplest thing you can do. Use an ice pack in a "15 minute on-15 minute off" pattern for the first couple of hours. After that, ice for 15 minutes every hour. Ibuprofen is a good over the counter pain med with anti-inflammatory properties. A good herbal anti-inflammatory would be Boswellian Root or Echinacea.
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